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3 years ago
A working definition of Heart Failure (HF) was recently conceptualized by the Heart Failure Society of America as:
"a syndrome caused by cardiac dysfunction, generally resulting from myocardial muscle dysfunction or loss and characterized by LV dilation or hypertrophy. Whether the dysfunction is primarily systolic or diastolic or mixed, it leads to neurohormonal and circulatory abnormalities,…
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3 years ago
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HF-PEF), sometimes named diastolic heart failure, is a common condition most frequently seen in the elderly and is associated with arterial hypertension and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Symptoms are attributed to a stiff left ventricle with compensatory elevation of filling pressure and reduced ability to increase…
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3 years ago
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the US with 700,000 deaths annually, of which 460,000 are attributable to sudden cardiac death (SCD). SCD is usually attributed to ventricular fibrillation (VF). Despite recent reductions in cardiac mortality from other causes, the incidence of SCD remains high with minimal decline in the last decade. The large majority of patients who suffer life…
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3 years ago
The prevalence of heart failure and the resultant mortality has continued to rise despite increased understanding of the pathogenesis and improvement in management strategies.1 Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is the final stage of most primary cardiovascular diseases, and greater severity is directly correlated with worse prognosis. The principal manifestation of heart failure progression is a…
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Added:
3 years ago
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the US with 700,000 deaths annually, of which 460,000 are attributable to sudden cardiac death (SCD).1,2 SCD is usually attributed to ventricular fibrillation (VF). Despite recent reductions in cardiac mortality from other causes, the incidence of SCD remains high with minimal decline in the last decade. The large majority of patients who suffer life…
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3 years ago
Implantable cardioverter–defibrillators (ICDs) are being implanted in an ever-increasing number of patients at risk for sudden cardiac death. To ensure the efficacy of the defibrillation system, step-down defibrillation threshold (DFT) testing has traditionally been used to ensure that the ICD can appropriately detect and terminate clinical ventricular fibrillation (VF).
Currently, the most…
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3 years ago
The history of documented heart failure in medical literature dates back as early as the late 1700s, when William Withering recognized the therapeutic use of foxglove in patients with “dropsy”. The extract from the foxglove plant contained the cardiac glycoside digitalis, and edema – known as “dropsy” – was described in patients we now presume had the clinical syndrome of heart failure.1 Over the…
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3 years ago
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a major public health problem in industrialized societies with an incidence approaching 10 per 1,000 population after age 65 and an age-dependent prevalence of less than 1% between ages 45-55, 2-5% between ages 65-75, and approximately 10% for patients aged 80 years or more.Thus, HF is primarily a condition of the elderly and approximately 80% of patients…
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3 years ago
The use of implantable devices to treat arrhythmias started with the implantable pacemaker back in the late 1950s. The risks and costs of implantation limited the indications for the procedure initially. A similar pattern was seen with the initial implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in the early 1980s. In the late 1990s, technology of both these devices focused on the management of…
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3 years ago
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are two disease conditions that are intimately intertwined, both pathophysiologically and clinically. Currently, over 2.3 million people in North America and 4.5 million in the EU have AF, making it the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice.1,2 It is expected that by 2050 there will be over 10 million people with AF.3 The estimated…
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