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2 months ago
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3 years ago
The US has the highest maternal mortality rate in the developed world, at an estimated 26.4 deaths per 100,000 live births. This rate is rising, although it is falling in other wealthy nations.1 Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of maternal death, so cardiologists need to build on their knowledge and enhance their proficiency on the management of cardiovascular disease during pregnancy.2
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3 years ago
The prevalence of heart disease in pregnant women is estimated to be between 0.1 and 4%; although the prevalence has not changed for decades, the relative contribution of different types of heart disease varies according to the study population and the study period. Nowadays, in developed countries the largest group of females with an underlying heart disease consists of women with congenital…
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11 months ago
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3 years ago
Dyspnea, palpitations, edema, and fatigue are common symptoms during pregnancy. For women with congenital heart disease (CHD), it may be difficult to discern whether symptoms are due to normal pregnancy or underlying cardiac disease. Although most women with CHD tend to experience successful pregnancies, morbidity and mortality are significantly increased with more complex CHD lesions.1–6 Women…
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3 years ago
Pregnancy is a physiologic challenge, with significant hormonal, metabolic, and hemodynamic changes. Cardiac output is objectively increased by the fifth week after the last menstrual period and continues to grow by approximately 45 % by 24 weeks in the normal, singleton pregnancy. This is facilitated by elevations in heart rate and stroke volume and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance…
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3 years ago
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has an estimated prevalence of 15–25 cases/million population.1 This chronic, progressive disease is defined by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure >25mmHg in conjunction with normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure <15mmHg.2 The disease is characterized by increased vascular resistance of the pulmonary microvasculature, ultimately resulting in right…
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3 years ago
Fetal tachyarrhythmias occur in approximately 0.4-0.6% of all fetuses.1-3 Normal fetal heart rates range from 120-160 beats per minute (bpm), with rates greater than 180bpm indicative of tachycardia.4-7 Usually, fetal arrhythmias are isolated findings; however, 5% of fetuses will also have congenital heart disease,8,9 such as Ebstein's anomaly, atrioventricular canal, hypoplastic left heart…
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3 years ago
Fetal and neonatal arrhythmias are diverse in type and severity. They include both tachycardias and bradycardias.1 The innate physiological properties of the fetal and neonatal myocardium make it more vulnerable to these high or low ventricular rates. Irregularities of fetal and neonatal cardiac rhythm commonly occur and rarely have serious consequences;however, it is important to realize that…
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Added:
3 years ago
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease
CVD is the leading cause of death in Europe and the United States. CVD mortality is on the decline in many countries, and in several European countries, cancer has now surpassed CVD as the leading cause of death.1 However, CVD remains the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States and results in more female deaths than cancer, lung…
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