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Author(s): Sanjiv Kaul Added: 3 years ago
Contrast echocardiography (CE) is 40 years old this year. Gamiak and Shah first described the use of ultrasound (US) contrast in 1968 during the early days of M-mode echocardiography.1 In that study, US contrast was produced by inadvertently introducing air bubbles in the indocyanine green solution that was injected into the left heart during cardiac catheterisation and observing its appearance… View more

Imaging & Diagnostics
Author(s): Sahar S Abdelmoneim , Sharon L Mulvagh Added: 3 years ago
Several advances in the field of echocardiography have led to improvements in the accuracy of stress echocardiography (SE) and further strengthened its established diagnostic and prognostic role in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). 1,2 In addition to its role in CAD, SE can be used to assess the severity of valvular heart disease and for detection of occult pulmonary… View more

Imaging & Diagnostics
Author(s): Yasmin S Hamirani , Hussain Isma’eel , Irfan Zeb , et al Added: 3 years ago
The prevalence of heart failure and the resultant mortality has continued to rise despite increased understanding of the pathogenesis and improvement in management strategies.1 Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is the final stage of most primary cardiovascular diseases, and greater severity is directly correlated with worse prognosis. The principal manifestation of heart failure progression is a… View more

Imaging & Diagnostics

Heart Failure
Author(s): Zeljko J Bosnjak , David C Warltier Added: 3 years ago
Cardiovascular disease is a major healthcare problem in the US. The presence of this disease significantly affects the outcome of both cardiac and non-cardiac surgery, and peri-operative cardiac morbidity is one of the leading causes of death following anesthesia and surgery. The considerable incidence of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, myocardial ischemia, or serious… View more

Vascular Disease and Surgery
Author(s): Zeljko J Bosnjak , David C Warltier Added: 3 years ago
Cardiovascular disease is a major healthcare problem in the US. The presence of this disease significantly affects the outcome of both cardiac and non-cardiac surgery, and peri-operative cardiac morbidity is one of the leading causes of death following anesthesia and surgery. The considerable incidence of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, myocardial ischemia, or serious… View more

Vascular Disease and Surgery
Author(s): Stéphane G Carlier , Kaoru Tanaka , Amin Katouzian Added: 3 years ago
Most cases of myocardial infarction and stroke occur when a thrombus is formed on a previously stable plaque that ruptures.1 Persons at risk typically have no premonitory symptoms, and angiographic studies of coronary arteries in patients with non-fatal acute coronary syndromes (ACS) showed that most such events are due to rapid progression of mild, hemodynamically insignificant lesions.2–4… View more

Imaging & Diagnostics

Prevention & Chronic Conditions
Author(s): Marsha M Neumyer , Bill Bertolino Added: 3 years ago
There are numerous non-invasive tests available to assess lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD), but there remains some confusion among practitioners as to which non-invasive study should be performed on a given patient. A patient presenting with critical limb ischemia may warrant a different initial examination from a patient presenting with intermittent claudication or an… View more

Prevention & Chronic Conditions
Author(s): W Kevin Tsai , Kathleen M Holohan , Kim Allan Williams Added: 3 years ago
Coronary artery disease (CAD) represents a tremendous financial and health burden as the leading cause of death in the US.1 Acute coronary syndrome and its subsequent manifestations, including heart failure and need for cardiac transplantation, are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, tobacco abuse, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and family history… View more

Imaging & Diagnostics
Author(s): Eric HC Yu Added: 3 years ago
Contemporary approved echo contrast agents share a common approved indication of left ventricular opacification and enhancement of endocardial border delineation for the assessment of left ventricular function in patients with technically suboptimal echocardiograms (ECGs). The use of echo contrast agents with advanced imaging technologies has resulted in the conversion of many non-diagnostic ECGs… View more

Imaging & Diagnostics
Author(s): Sebastian Kelle , Eike Nagel Added: 3 years ago
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has moved from niche applications to the center of cardiovascular decision-making. Today, cardiovascular MRI offers several options for detecting ischemia in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Over the last few years, much evidence has been accumulated of the diagnosis of CAD and heart failure with cardiovascular MRI.1–3… View more

Imaging & Diagnostics

Prevention & Chronic Conditions